What to Know about Male Infertility?

For a long time, infertility has been widely perceived as a condition that affects only women. However, in reality, men can also experience infertility, which can significantly impact a couple’s ability to conceive.

Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse.

“In cases of infertility, 30–40% can be attributed to male factors,” explained Dr. William, Sp.And, an Andrology Specialist at Tzu Chi Hospital.

 

Causes of Male Infertility

Male infertility can result from various complex factors, including issues with sperm production or quality, hormonal imbalances, or specific medical conditions. To accurately identify the underlying cause, a semen analysis conducted by an andrology specialist is essential.

This analysis involves a comprehensive assessment of sperm quality and quantity. Based on the results, the andrologist can make a precise diagnosis and formulate an appropriate treatment plan.

“Through semen analysis, we can determine whether the sperm is within normal range, has decreased quality, or whether there are no sperm cells at all,” said Dr. William.

Here are two of the most common factors that may affect sperm quality in men:

1. Unhealthy Lifestyle

An unhealthy lifestyle can negatively impact sperm quality. Smoking, for example, can damage the structure and function of sperm, as well as reduce sperm count. Excessive alcohol consumption can also impair sperm quality by disrupting hormonal balance and metabolism. Moreover, physical inactivity—often linked to poor lifestyle habits—can lead to obesity, which in turn can gradually decrease sperm quality.

2. Hormonal Disorders

Hormonal imbalance is another significant factor affecting sperm quality. Abnormal hormone levels—such as low testosterone or dysfunction in the hormones that regulate sperm production—can lead to suboptimal sperm output. These imbalances may impact sperm count, motility, and morphology, thereby reducing the chances of successful fertilization.

 

How is Male Infertility Diagnosed?

To diagnose male infertility, doctors typically perform the following evaluations:

• Physical Examination

A physical exam helps identify visible signs related to unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as obesity. It may also reveal symptoms of hormonal imbalance, such as sparse body hair, underdeveloped facial hair (mustache and beard), or shorter-than-average stature.

• Semen Analysis

Semen analysis provides vital information about sperm quality, including count, motility, and morphology. In some cases, no sperm cells are present (azoospermia), which requires further investigation.

 

If you are concerned about your fertility or planning to undergo a pregnancy program, consider undergoing a semen analysis at Tzu Chi Hospital. Our andrology specialists will provide an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan to help optimize your reproductive health.

 

This article has been medically reviewed by Dr. William, Sp.And.