Patch Test: Benefits, Procedure, and How It Helps Detect Skin Allergies

Do you often experience skin rashes, itching, or redness? These complaints often indicate an allergic reaction on the skin. However, many substances in everyday products or the environment could trigger allergies. To identify the cause, a doctor may recommend a patch test.

A patch test can detect allergic reactions that may appear within hours to days. This procedure is performed by a dermatology, venereology, and aesthetic specialist (Sp.DVE). Let’s explore more about patch testing in this article.

 

What is a Patch Test?

A patch test, also called a “contact test,” is a medical procedure used to evaluate the skin’s reaction to certain substances that may cause allergies, known as allergens. This test is commonly used to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis.

The allergens tested are often substances frequently encountered at home or work, such as metals, rubber, hair dyes, cosmetics, and many other materials. By identifying the cause of the allergy, exposure can be prevented, reducing harmful effects on the skin.

 

Benefits of a Patch Test

Although simple, a patch test is highly beneficial for individuals experiencing recurring skin issues like rashes, itching, redness, or scaly skin without a clear cause. This method helps doctors determine whether skin problems are caused by contact with specific substances.

Other key benefits include:

• Identifying substances that trigger allergic reactions
• Helping doctors provide targeted treatment
• Preventing long-term recurrence of allergies

 

How is a Patch Test Performed?

Patch testing is carried out in several stages, from preparation, testing, to result reading. Here’s a detailed explanation:

 

1. Test Preparation
Before the examination, the doctor will ask about the patient’s allergy history and symptoms. Medications such as antihistamines or corticosteroids that are currently being used usually need to be stopped one week before the test to ensure more accurate results. The area of the body to be tested should also be free from skin rashes and should not have any lotions or creams applied.

 

2. Applying the Patch
Various allergens are placed into testing units, marked accordingly, and applied to the back with hypoallergenic tape. The patches remain on the skin for 48 hours and must be kept dry and undisturbed.

 

3. Reading the Results
After 48 hours, the doctor removes the patches and performs the first assessment. Skin reactions such as redness or itching indicate the causative allergen.

A follow-up visit is recommended 48 hours (3^rd day) and 72 hours (4^th day) later for a secondary assessment, as some allergic reactions may take longer to appear.

Mild reactions during the patch test, like slight redness, itching, or minor swelling, are normal and usually resolve within a few days. However, if severe itching, pain, or burning occurs, patients should contact the doctor immediately for evaluation and management.

 

Patch Test at Tzu Chi Hospital PIK

Patch testing is safe for all ages, from children to adults and the elderly, particularly those with recurring itching or eczema on the hands, feet, face, or eyelids.

The procedure is safe with minimal side effects. Patients may experience local redness, itching, or swelling. Sensitive skin may also feel a mild burning or warmth, but these effects are temporary, and doctors can provide medications to relieve discomfort if needed.

If you need a patch test, Tzu Chi Hospital PIK provides reliable testing. Schedule your consultation easily via our call center.

 

This article has been medically reviewed by Dr. Deasy Thio, Sp.DVE, FINSDV, FAADV   

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